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Marketing to Women Week will answer the question ?How do I market my company to businesswomen in Atlanta, Paris, Sydney, & other major cities around the globe using the local resources already in place??
Direct Sales Consultant Collaborative Roundtable
WomenPartner.org is pleased to announce that it is presenting?Marketing to Women Week, June 25 ? 30, as part of Entrepreneur??Do It Yourself? Marketing Month.?Marketing to Women Week is a collaborative event inspired by the?1,000,000 Woman Link Up?fueled by women who want to effectively get their message in front of the women in business market. Real businesswomen will join forces to decipher what works with social media, mobile advertising and traditional advertising.
They will spend a week networking, sitting on roundtable panels, engaging in brainstorming sessions and meeting women from around the globe in a virtual setting who can open business doors for them as well as solve their marketing to women problems. ?WomenPartner.org?spokeswomen?will facilitate events on how to market to businesswomen in their metropolitan area using the local marketing resources already in place instead of reinventing the wheel.
Each spokeswoman will present her segment in either a live video, podcast, teleconference, or social networking format. To enhance their presentation, they are bringing in local businesswomen to mingle virtually with participants.?Activities start daily at 11 AM Eastern and end at Midnight Eastern. ?Since the event is virtual, they can tune in and out while they take care of their business and personal obligations.
A one hour Marketing to Women Week roundtable for direct sales consultants is scheduled June 26 at 1 PM Eastern. ?It will?bring together consultants and owners of day spas, beauty salons, and more to discuss cross marketing. ?Women in direct sales are a business owner?s best ally when it comes to marketing. Brick & mortar companies that want to boost their sales can ?team up with a direct sales consultant that has complementary products and services to drive more traffic to their site and reward new clients.
Creative Ways Direct Sales Consultants Can Collaborate With Brick & Mortar Companies
Hair salons can partner with a consultant that sells Rodan + Fields products. Clients can order one free product from the line of their choice as thanks everytime they purchase a certain dollar amount of services.
Auto shops can partner with a consultant that sells Syntek Global green cleaning products. After they fix a vehicle and give it a good cleaning, they can offer their customers a bottle of Eco-Mist Waterless Wash as thanks for choosing them.
Small businesses that cater to children such as play and exercise centers can partner with a Juice Plus+ consultant to give a children?s health expo as a public service. They can give attendees health and wellness care packages that include the products.
Virtual as well as brick and mortar companies that cater to women can thrive from partnering with an Avon consultant. Every woman has a favorite Avon fragrance or bath product. Savvy business owners can reward their customers for their purchase with their favorite Avon scent.
Companies that provide incorporation services will find a partnership with a Send Out Card consultant invaluable. When a company receives their incorporation papers, their clients can be sent a handwritten card announcing their good news along with a special offer to visit their business.
Publishers of local print publications who are looking for a smart way to offer their customers more bang for their investment can partner with an AdzZoo consultant to tap into the power of the Internet and mobile ads without taking on additional staff.
Participation in the direct sales collaborative roundtable is limited to one consultant per company. ?Spots are first come first serve. ?Direct sales consultants will be able to submit a video for inclusion in the Marketing to Women Week YouTube Channel to enhance their participation.
You would think that an event like this would cost hundreds of dollars to participate in. WomenPartner.org is making it possible for business women who want to have an active role in Marketing to Women Week by sitting on industry specific roundtables?panels to participate for as little as $25 for the full 72 hour virtual event. ?You select the fee to participate in Marketing to Women Week based upon on how active you want to be and the amount of exposure you want for your company. ?The cost to participate is low because we are using Marketing to Women Week to raise funds to build a new site that will facilitate cross marketing partnerships. ?Our new site will be appropriately named CrossMarketingWith.Me.
Review the contribution levels below and lock in via Google Checkout by selecting the payment level (minimum of $25) from the drop down list. ?If you want to make sure your company is still available before submitting your fee, email jerrilynnbthomas@womenpartner.com. ?As stated above, they are first come first serve.
Contribute & Receive PR Gifts Valued Up to $1500
Contribute $15 and in addition to participating in the week long virtual Marketing to Women event, you will receive a PDF of Link Up participants, and your 50 word news promo will be published on WomenPartner.org in our News RoundUp column. Another perk is sitting on the event development committee and getting listed with a live link on the committee page in the event calendar given to participants. ($500 value)
Contribute $25 and in addition to participating in the week long virtual Marketing to Women event and sitting on the direct sales consultant roundtable panel, you will receive a PDF of Link Up participants, your 50 word news promo will be published on WomenPartner.org in our News RoundUp column, have a seat on the event development committee, get listed with a live link on the committee page in the event calendar given to participants, and you will take part in the Blogging Mash Up in which you will be partnered for a day with two or more complementary business women to write a guest business column on WomenPartner.org. ?($650 value)
Sponsorship Level ? Contribute $50 and in addition to participating in the week long virtual Marketing to Women event, you will receive a PDF of Link Up participants, your 200 word press release will be published on WomenPartner.org, have a seat on the event development committee, get listed with a live link on the committee page in the event calendar given to participants, take part in the Blogging Mash Up in which you will be partnered for a day with two or more complementary business women to write a guest business column on WomenPartner.org. ?($800 value)
Sponsorship Level -?Contribute $65 to get a shared sponsorship that includes a 5 line directory listing, 200 word press release, 60 second pitch to Marketing to Women Week participants, participation in the week long virtual Marketing to Women event, PDF of Link Up participants, a seat on the event development committee, listed with a live link on the committee page in the event calendar given to participants, take part in the Blogging Mash Up in which you will be partnered for a day with two or more complementary business women to write a guest business column on WomenPartner.org. ?($1,150 value)
Sponsorship Level -?Contribute $75 and you will have the option to pitch us to carve out a 30 minute segment during Marketing to Women Week, receive a 3 month banner ad on WomenPartner.org?s new web site aptly named CrossMarketWith.Me (domain will be live soon), one year Supporting WomenPartner.org membership to network on CrossMarketWith.Me, shared sponsorship that includes a 5 line directory listing, 200 word press release, 60 second pitch to Marketing to Women Week participants, participation in the week long virtual Marketing to Women event, PDF of Link Up participants, a seat on the event development committee, listed with a live link on the committee page in the event calendar given to participants, take part in the Blogging Mash Up in which you will be partnered for a day with two or more complementary business women to write a guest business column on WomenPartner.org. ?($1,500 value)
Select a Contribution Level (Minimum of $25 to Participate in the Roundtable)
Then click on the Buy Now button.
?
Roundtable Line Up
sf 49ers joe paterno died 49ers game ravens ray lewis steven tyler national anthem penn state
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Quinoa?dates back three to four thousand years ago when the Incas first realized that the quinoa seed was fit for human consumption. According to?WHFoods?quinoa ?was the gold of the Incas? because the Incas believed it increased the stamina of their warriors.?The Quinoa Corporation?calls quinoa the ?Supergrain of the Future. ??
Who would not want to reap the benefits of this amazing?superfood??
Here are seven health benefits of quinoa:
1. Quinoa is one of the most protein-rich foods we can eat.?It is a complete protein containing all nine essential amino acids.?
2. Quinoa contains almost twice as much fiber as most other grains.?Fiber is most widely known to relieve constipation. It also helps to prevent heart disease by reducing high blood pressure and diabetes. Fiber lowers cholesterol and glucose levels, may lower your risk of developing hemorrhoids and may help you to lose weight as it takes a longer time to chew than does other foods because it makes you feel fuller for longer and is less ?energy dense? which means it has fewer calories for the same volume of food.
3. Quinoa contains Iron.?Iron helps keep our red blood cells healthy and is the basis of hemoglobin formation. Iron carries oxygen from one cell to another and supplies oxygen to our muscles to aid in their contraction. Iron also increases brain function because the brain takes in about 20% of our blood oxygen. There are many benefits of iron some more of which include neurotransmitter synthesis, regulation of body temperature, aids enzyme activity and energy metabolism.
4. Quinoa contains lysine.?Lysine is mainly essential for tissue growth and repair.?
5. Quinoa is rich in magnesium.?Magnesium helps to relax blood vessels and thereby to alleviate migraines. Magnesium also may reduce Type 2 diabetes by promoting healthy blood sugar control. Other health benefits of magnesium include transmission of nerve impulses, body temperature regulation,detoxification, energy production, and the formation of healthy bones and teeth.?
6. Quinoa is high in Riboflavin (B2).?B2 improves energy metabolism within brain and muscle cells and is known to help create proper energy production in cells.?
7. Quinoa has a high content of manganese.?Manganese is an antioxidant, which helps to prevent damage of mitochondria during energy production as well as to protect red blood cells and other cells from injury by free radicals.
Published May 31, 2012 at 3:35 PM
About?Julie Wilcox?
Julie Wilcox is the founder of The Julie Wilcox Method (JWM), an innovative approach to healthy living encompassing fitness, yoga, and nutrition. An expert across all three categories, Julie blends her life-long passion for athleticism with the mind, body, and spiritual aspects of yoga, as well as with healthy, moderate, and sustainable diet advice. Co-founder of the acclaimed ISHTA Yoga studios, Wilcox has created The Julie Wilcox Method for a fresh, easily accessible, and multi-faceted approach to all elements of yoga for anyone everywhere!
Wilcox began her career in health and wellness as an aspiring Olympic gymnast, later transitioning to dance. Although she ended her dancing career to study at Harvard, she was determined to maintain the same level of discipline and fitness she had always known.
CAIRO (AP) ? Hosni Mubarak was sentenced to life in prison Saturday for failing to stop the killing of protesters during the uprising that forced him from power last year. The ousted president and his sons were acquitted, however, of corruption charges in a mixed verdict that swiftly provoked a new wave of anger on Egypt's streets.
Revolutionary groups and the powerful Muslim Brotherhood have called for a massive protest at Tahrir Square, the heart of the uprising, at 5 p.m. local time.
After the sentencing, the 84-year old Mubarak suffered a "health crisis" while on a helicopter flight to a Cairo prison hospital, according to security officials who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to the media. One state media report said it was a heart attack, but that could not immediately be confirmed.
The officials said Mubarak cried in protest and resisted leaving the helicopter that took him to a prison hospital for the first time since he was detained in April 2011. Mubarak stayed at a regular hospital in his favorite Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh from his arrest until his trial began in on Aug. 3. The officials said he insisted on the helicopter that he be flown to the military hospital on the eastern outskirts of Cairo where he has stayed during the trial.
Mubarak finally left the chopper and moved to the Torah prison hospital more than two hours after his helicopter landed there.
Earlier, Mubarak sat stone-faced and frowning in the courtroom's metal defendants' cage while judge Ahmed Rifaat read out the conviction and sentence against him, showing no emotion with his eyes concealed by dark sunglasses. His sons Gamal and Alaa looked nervous but also did not react to either the conviction of their father or their own acquittals.
Mubarak was convicted of complicity in the killing of some 900 protesters during the 18-day uprising that forced him to resign in February 2011. He and his two sons were acquitted of corruption charges, along with a family friend who is on the run.
Rifaat opened the session with a strongly worded statement before handing down the verdicts. He expressed deep sympathy for the uprising.
"The people released a collective sigh of relief after a nightmare that did not, as is customary, last for a night, but for almost 30 black, black, black years ? darkness that resembled a winter night.
"The revolution by the people of Egypt was inspired by God. They did not seek a luxurious life or to sit atop the world, but asked their politicians, rulers and those in authority to give them a decent life and a bite to eat," he said. "They peacefully demanded democracy from rulers who held a tight grip on power."
One of the uprising's key pro-democracy groups, April 6, rejected the verdict, saying Rifaat at once paid homage to the protesters and ignored the grief of the families of those killed by acquitting the top police commanders.
"We will continue to cleanse Egypt from corruption," the group said.
"Justice was not served," said Ramadan Ahmed, whose son was killed on Jan. 28 last year. "This is a sham," he said outside the courthouse, a lecture hall in a police academy that once bore Mubarak's name.
U.S.-based Human Rights Watch called the verdict a "landmark conviction" but criticized the prosecution for failing to fully investigate the case.
"It sends a powerful message to Egypt's future leaders that they are not above the law," HRW said. "These convictions set an important precedent since just over a year ago, seeing Mubarak as a defendant in a criminal court would have been unthinkable," said Joe Stork, the group's spokesman.
Angered by the acquittals of the Mubarak sons and six top police officers, lawyers for the victims' families broke out chanting inside the courtroom as soon as Rifaat finished reading the verdict.
"The people want to cleanse the judiciary," they chanted. Some raised banners that read: "God's verdict is execution."
The charges related to killing protesters carried a possible death sentence that the judge chose not to impose, opting instead to send Mubarak to prison for the rest of his life.
Rifaat criticized the prosecution's case, saying it lacked concrete and material evidence and that there was nothing in what has been presented to the court that proved that the protesters were killed by the police. Because those who pulled the trigger have not been arrested, he added, he could not convict any of the top police officers of complicity in the killing of the protesters.
The prosecution had complained during the trial that it did not receive any help from the Interior Ministry in its preparation for the case and, in some cases, prosecutors were met with obstruction.
Outside the courtroom on the outskirts of the capital, there was jubilation initially when the conviction was announced, with one man falling to his knees and prostrating himself in prayer on the pavement and others dancing, pumping fists in the air and shooting off fireworks.
But that scene soon descended into tensions and scuffles, as thousands of riot police in helmets and shields held the restive, mostly anti-Mubarak crowd back behind a cordon protecting the court.
Later, thousands of protesters gathered in Cairo's Tahrir Square, birthplace of the uprising, and in the Mediterranean city of Alexandria on Egypt's northern coast. They chanted slogans denouncing the trial as "theatrical" and against the ruling generals who took over for Mubarak, led by his former defense minister. "Execute them, execute them!" chanted the protesters in Alexandria.
Mubarak and his former Interior Minister Habib el-Adly, who was in charge of the police and other security forces at the time of the uprising, were convicted of failing to act to stop the killings during the opening days of the revolt, when the bulk of protesters died. El-Adly also received a life sentence.
Most of the dead were either shot or run over by police vehicles in Cairo and a string of major cities across the country.
Mubarak and his sons ? one-time heir apparent Gamal and wealthy businessman Alaa ? were acquitted on corruption charges, with the judge citing a 10-year statute of limitations that had lapsed since the alleged crimes were committed.
Just days before the verdict was made public, the state prosecutor leveled new charges of insider trading against the two sons. It now appears that these charges may have been an attempt to head off new public outrage once the acquittals of the Mubarak sons were made public.
It has appeared all along that prosecutions since Mubarak's fall targeting relatively few high level officials and their cronies have been motivated largely by a desire to appease public anger expressed in massive street protests that continued long after Mubarak's ouster.
Scores of policemen charged with killing protesters have either been acquitted or received light sentences, angering relatives of the victims and the pro-democracy youth groups behind the uprising.
Rock-throwing and fist fights outside the courtroom left at least 20 people injured, and a police official said that four people were arrested.
Thousands of riot police and policemen riding horses had cordoned off the building to prevent protesters and relatives of those slain during the uprising from getting too close. Hundreds stood outside, waving Egyptian flags and chanting slogans demanding "retribution." Some spread Mubarak's picture on the asphalt and walked over it.
Mubarak's verdict came just days after presidential elections have been boiled down to a June 16-17 contest between Mubarak's last prime minister, one-time protege Ahmed Shafiq, and Mohammed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood, a fundamentalist Islamist group that Mubarak persecuted for most of his years in power.
In a statement posted on his Facebook page, Shafiq said he could not comment on court rulings, but added that the Mubarak trial has shown that no one was above the law in today's Egypt and that no one could recreate the old regime.
The acquittal of the six police officers, he added, did not mean that he approved of their "tactics."
In contrast, a spokesman for Morsi said the verdicts were "shocking" and vowed retribution.
"The blood of our martyrs will not go in vain. We will work as Egyptians for the sake of a just retribution and the retrial of those who committed crimes against this nation," said the spokesman, Ahmed Abdel-Atti.
Morsi and Shafiq will go on a head-to-head presidential runoff on June 16-17.
Neuroscientists reach major milestone in whole-brain circuit mapping projectPublic release date: 1-Jun-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Peter Tarr tarr@cshl.edu 516-367-8455 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Cold Spring Harbor, NY Neuroscientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) reached an important milestone today, publicly releasing the first installment out of 500 terabytes of data so far collected in their pathbreaking project to construct the first whole-brain wiring diagram of a vertebrate brain, that of the mouse.
The data consist of gigapixel images (each close to 1 billion pixels) of whole-brain sections that can be zoomed to show individual neurons and their processes, providing a "virtual microscope." The images are integrated with other data sources from the web, and are being made fully accessible to neuroscientists as well as interested members of the general public (http://mouse.brainarchitecture.org). The data are being released pre-publication in the spirit of open science initiatives that have become familiar in digital astronomy (e.g., Sloan Digital Sky Survey) but are not yet as widespread in neurobiology.
Each sampled brain is represented in about 500 images, each image showing an optical section through a 20 micron-thick slice of brain tissue. A multi-resolution viewer permits users to journey through each brain from "front" to "back," and thus enables them to follow the pathways taken through three-dimensional brain space by tracer-labeled neuronal pathways. The tracers were picked to follow neuronal inputs and outputs of given brain regions.
"We're executing a grid-based "shotgun" strategy for neuronal tract tracing that we first proposed a few years ago, and which I am pleased to note has gained acceptance elsewhere within the neuroscience community," says Partha P. Mitra, Ph.D., the Crick-Clay Professor of Biomathematics at CSHL and director of the Mouse Brain Architecture (MBA) Project. After the initial June 1 release, project data will be made public continuously on a monthly basis, Mitra says.
Project addresses a large gap in knowledge
"Our project seeks to address a remarkable gap in our knowledge of the brain," Mitra explains. "Our knowledge of how the brain is wired remains piecemeal and partial after a century of intense activity. Francis Crick and Ted Jones emphasized this in an article published in Nature nearly 20 years ago. Yet to understand how the brain works (or fails to work in neurological or neuropsychiatric disease), it is critical that we understand this wiring diagram more fully. Further, there remain fundamental questions about brain evolution that cannot be addressed without obtaining such wiring diagrams for the brains of different species."
The MBA Project, which has received critical funding from the Keck Foundation and from the National Institutes of Health, is distinguished by the approach advocated by Mitra and colleagues in a position paper published in 2009. Mitra there proposed mapping vertebrate brains at what he calls the "mesoscopic" scale, a middle-range amenable to light microscopy, providing far more detail than, for instance, MRI-based methods, and yet considerably less detail than is achievable via electron microscopy (EM). The latter approach, while useful for mapping synaptic connections between individual neurons, is feasible on a whole-brain basis only for very small brains (e.g. that of the fruitfly) or very small portions of the mouse brain.
The pragmatic approach Mitra advocated and which is realized in this first data release, is to image whole mouse brains in a semi-automated, quality-controlled process using light microscopy and injected neural tracers (both viruses and classically used tracer substances). While the basic methodology has been available for some time, systematically applying it to a grid of locations spanning the entire brain, and digitizing and re-assembling the resulting collection of brains, is a new approach made feasible by the rapidly falling costs of computer storage. A single mouse brain at light-microscope resolution produces about a terabyte (1 trillion bytes, or 1000 GB) of data; thus, generating and storing the data set currently being gathered would have been prohibitively expensive a decade or so ago.
Assembling the circuit diagram at a mesoscopic scale using 'shotgun approach'
A key point is that at the mesoscopic scale, the team expects to assemble a picture of connections that are stereotypical that is, essentially the same in different individuals, and probably genetically determined in a species-specific manner. By dividing the volume of a hemisphere of the mouse brain into 250 equidistant, predefined grid-points, and administering four different kinds of tracer injections at each grid point -- in different animals of the same sex and age -- the eight-member team at CSHL assisted by collaborating scientists at Boston University, MIT and the University of California, San Diego seeks to assemble a complete wiring diagram that will be stitched together from the full dataset.
The project in this sense is analogous to the Human Genome Project's "shotgun" approach, in that its final product a comprehensive wiring diagram will be the product of many individually obtained data components, woven together thanks to the power of advanced computing and informatics. Indeed, Mitra says one of the genome project's early advocates, Dr. James D. Watson (now CSHL chairman emeritus), provided him with motivation and encouragement to pursue the project.
"We will never understand how the brain works until we have the wiring diagram," Dr. Watson comments today. "Mitra is on the right track and I'm impressed he's gone from conception to putting out data in a couple of years on a quite modest budget. His approach deserves strong funding support."
The MBA Project was also inspired by early efforts of the Allen Institute, funded by Microsoft co-founder and philanthropist Paul Allen, which resulted in assembly of a comprehensive map of gene expression across the mouse brain. That effort was the product of standard molecular biology procedures iterated in a quasi-industrialized process. The resulting whole-brain gene-expression map, while a triumph, was not designed to shed light on connections in the brain, which became a point of departure for Mitra.
Since the 2009 publication of Mitra and colleagues' proposal for meso-scale circuit-mapping projects for whole vertebrate brains, the approach has not only spawned Mitra's CSHL project, but also other meso-scale circuit-mapping projects for the mouse at the Allen Institute and at UCLA. Each differs in aim and technical detail.
A number of features distinguish the "meso-scale" circuit project at CSHL. The 20-micron spacing between brain "slices" gives the CSHL results a particularly rich sense of three-dimensional depth and detail. The team's use of four tracers including both classical tracer substances as well as neurotropic viruses (attenuated or disabled viruses that infect nerve cells), provides redundancy and helps control for differing efficacies of the different tracer substances. The images one sees on the MBA Project website begininng today provide hard data on actual neuronal processes the "ground truth" of neuroanatomy, in Mitra's words -- and do not rely on inferential methodologies such as functional MRI scans and diffusion tensor imaging to suggest areas in which connections occur. Finally, it is noteworthy that the slides generated by the project are being physically stored, to permit re-examination at a later date, using more refined imaging methods if necessary or as new methods become available.
"Our project is what I'd call a necessary first step in a much larger enterprise, that of understanding both structure and dynamics of the vertebrate, and ultimately, the human brain," says Mitra. "While facile comparisons with Genome projects should be avoided, the data sets generated by the MBA and similar projects will provide a useful framework not unlike a reference genome on which we can 'hang' all kinds of neuroscience knowledge, the body of which has always been notably fragmentary."
###
Data from the Mouse Brain Architecture Project can be viewed online at: http://mouse.brainarchitecture.org
A technical whitepaper on the project, including a summary of the pipeline used in gathering and processing the data, is available at: http://brainarchitecture.org/mouse/documentation/project-white-paper
2009 position paper proposing the project:
http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000334
The planning stage of the project, including meetings at the Banbury conference center at CSHL as well as initial informatics work, was made possible by an award from the Keck Foundation. Major funding for the Mouse Brain Architecture project comes from a Challenge Grant from the National Institutes of Health (RC1MH088659) and a Transformative Award from the Office of the NIH Director (R01MH087988). Additional sources of funding include internal funding at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and the Crick-Clay Professorship.
About Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Founded in 1890, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) has shaped contemporary biomedical research and education with programs in cancer, neuroscience, plant biology and quantitative biology. CSHL is ranked number one in the world by Thomson Reuters for impact of its research in molecular biology and genetics. The Laboratory has been home to eight Nobel Prize winners. Today, CSHL's multidisciplinary scientific community is more than 360 scientists strong and its Meetings & Courses program hosts more than 12,500 scientists from around the world each year to its Long Island campus and its China center. Tens of thousands more benefit from the research, reviews, and ideas published in journals and books distributed internationally by CSHL Press. The Laboratory's education arm also includes a graduate school and programs for undergraduates as well as middle and high school students and teachers. CSHL is a private, not-for-profit institution on the north shore of Long Island. For more information, visit www.cshl.edu.
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Neuroscientists reach major milestone in whole-brain circuit mapping projectPublic release date: 1-Jun-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Peter Tarr tarr@cshl.edu 516-367-8455 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Cold Spring Harbor, NY Neuroscientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) reached an important milestone today, publicly releasing the first installment out of 500 terabytes of data so far collected in their pathbreaking project to construct the first whole-brain wiring diagram of a vertebrate brain, that of the mouse.
The data consist of gigapixel images (each close to 1 billion pixels) of whole-brain sections that can be zoomed to show individual neurons and their processes, providing a "virtual microscope." The images are integrated with other data sources from the web, and are being made fully accessible to neuroscientists as well as interested members of the general public (http://mouse.brainarchitecture.org). The data are being released pre-publication in the spirit of open science initiatives that have become familiar in digital astronomy (e.g., Sloan Digital Sky Survey) but are not yet as widespread in neurobiology.
Each sampled brain is represented in about 500 images, each image showing an optical section through a 20 micron-thick slice of brain tissue. A multi-resolution viewer permits users to journey through each brain from "front" to "back," and thus enables them to follow the pathways taken through three-dimensional brain space by tracer-labeled neuronal pathways. The tracers were picked to follow neuronal inputs and outputs of given brain regions.
"We're executing a grid-based "shotgun" strategy for neuronal tract tracing that we first proposed a few years ago, and which I am pleased to note has gained acceptance elsewhere within the neuroscience community," says Partha P. Mitra, Ph.D., the Crick-Clay Professor of Biomathematics at CSHL and director of the Mouse Brain Architecture (MBA) Project. After the initial June 1 release, project data will be made public continuously on a monthly basis, Mitra says.
Project addresses a large gap in knowledge
"Our project seeks to address a remarkable gap in our knowledge of the brain," Mitra explains. "Our knowledge of how the brain is wired remains piecemeal and partial after a century of intense activity. Francis Crick and Ted Jones emphasized this in an article published in Nature nearly 20 years ago. Yet to understand how the brain works (or fails to work in neurological or neuropsychiatric disease), it is critical that we understand this wiring diagram more fully. Further, there remain fundamental questions about brain evolution that cannot be addressed without obtaining such wiring diagrams for the brains of different species."
The MBA Project, which has received critical funding from the Keck Foundation and from the National Institutes of Health, is distinguished by the approach advocated by Mitra and colleagues in a position paper published in 2009. Mitra there proposed mapping vertebrate brains at what he calls the "mesoscopic" scale, a middle-range amenable to light microscopy, providing far more detail than, for instance, MRI-based methods, and yet considerably less detail than is achievable via electron microscopy (EM). The latter approach, while useful for mapping synaptic connections between individual neurons, is feasible on a whole-brain basis only for very small brains (e.g. that of the fruitfly) or very small portions of the mouse brain.
The pragmatic approach Mitra advocated and which is realized in this first data release, is to image whole mouse brains in a semi-automated, quality-controlled process using light microscopy and injected neural tracers (both viruses and classically used tracer substances). While the basic methodology has been available for some time, systematically applying it to a grid of locations spanning the entire brain, and digitizing and re-assembling the resulting collection of brains, is a new approach made feasible by the rapidly falling costs of computer storage. A single mouse brain at light-microscope resolution produces about a terabyte (1 trillion bytes, or 1000 GB) of data; thus, generating and storing the data set currently being gathered would have been prohibitively expensive a decade or so ago.
Assembling the circuit diagram at a mesoscopic scale using 'shotgun approach'
A key point is that at the mesoscopic scale, the team expects to assemble a picture of connections that are stereotypical that is, essentially the same in different individuals, and probably genetically determined in a species-specific manner. By dividing the volume of a hemisphere of the mouse brain into 250 equidistant, predefined grid-points, and administering four different kinds of tracer injections at each grid point -- in different animals of the same sex and age -- the eight-member team at CSHL assisted by collaborating scientists at Boston University, MIT and the University of California, San Diego seeks to assemble a complete wiring diagram that will be stitched together from the full dataset.
The project in this sense is analogous to the Human Genome Project's "shotgun" approach, in that its final product a comprehensive wiring diagram will be the product of many individually obtained data components, woven together thanks to the power of advanced computing and informatics. Indeed, Mitra says one of the genome project's early advocates, Dr. James D. Watson (now CSHL chairman emeritus), provided him with motivation and encouragement to pursue the project.
"We will never understand how the brain works until we have the wiring diagram," Dr. Watson comments today. "Mitra is on the right track and I'm impressed he's gone from conception to putting out data in a couple of years on a quite modest budget. His approach deserves strong funding support."
The MBA Project was also inspired by early efforts of the Allen Institute, funded by Microsoft co-founder and philanthropist Paul Allen, which resulted in assembly of a comprehensive map of gene expression across the mouse brain. That effort was the product of standard molecular biology procedures iterated in a quasi-industrialized process. The resulting whole-brain gene-expression map, while a triumph, was not designed to shed light on connections in the brain, which became a point of departure for Mitra.
Since the 2009 publication of Mitra and colleagues' proposal for meso-scale circuit-mapping projects for whole vertebrate brains, the approach has not only spawned Mitra's CSHL project, but also other meso-scale circuit-mapping projects for the mouse at the Allen Institute and at UCLA. Each differs in aim and technical detail.
A number of features distinguish the "meso-scale" circuit project at CSHL. The 20-micron spacing between brain "slices" gives the CSHL results a particularly rich sense of three-dimensional depth and detail. The team's use of four tracers including both classical tracer substances as well as neurotropic viruses (attenuated or disabled viruses that infect nerve cells), provides redundancy and helps control for differing efficacies of the different tracer substances. The images one sees on the MBA Project website begininng today provide hard data on actual neuronal processes the "ground truth" of neuroanatomy, in Mitra's words -- and do not rely on inferential methodologies such as functional MRI scans and diffusion tensor imaging to suggest areas in which connections occur. Finally, it is noteworthy that the slides generated by the project are being physically stored, to permit re-examination at a later date, using more refined imaging methods if necessary or as new methods become available.
"Our project is what I'd call a necessary first step in a much larger enterprise, that of understanding both structure and dynamics of the vertebrate, and ultimately, the human brain," says Mitra. "While facile comparisons with Genome projects should be avoided, the data sets generated by the MBA and similar projects will provide a useful framework not unlike a reference genome on which we can 'hang' all kinds of neuroscience knowledge, the body of which has always been notably fragmentary."
###
Data from the Mouse Brain Architecture Project can be viewed online at: http://mouse.brainarchitecture.org
A technical whitepaper on the project, including a summary of the pipeline used in gathering and processing the data, is available at: http://brainarchitecture.org/mouse/documentation/project-white-paper
2009 position paper proposing the project:
http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000334
The planning stage of the project, including meetings at the Banbury conference center at CSHL as well as initial informatics work, was made possible by an award from the Keck Foundation. Major funding for the Mouse Brain Architecture project comes from a Challenge Grant from the National Institutes of Health (RC1MH088659) and a Transformative Award from the Office of the NIH Director (R01MH087988). Additional sources of funding include internal funding at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and the Crick-Clay Professorship.
About Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Founded in 1890, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) has shaped contemporary biomedical research and education with programs in cancer, neuroscience, plant biology and quantitative biology. CSHL is ranked number one in the world by Thomson Reuters for impact of its research in molecular biology and genetics. The Laboratory has been home to eight Nobel Prize winners. Today, CSHL's multidisciplinary scientific community is more than 360 scientists strong and its Meetings & Courses program hosts more than 12,500 scientists from around the world each year to its Long Island campus and its China center. Tens of thousands more benefit from the research, reviews, and ideas published in journals and books distributed internationally by CSHL Press. The Laboratory's education arm also includes a graduate school and programs for undergraduates as well as middle and high school students and teachers. CSHL is a private, not-for-profit institution on the north shore of Long Island. For more information, visit www.cshl.edu.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
LAS VEGAS (AP) ? A judge granted Wayne Newton a temporary restraining order against his landlord Thursday amid stalled plans to turn his lavish Las Vegas estate into a celebrity museum ? a project that has sparked allegations of fraud, mismanagement, animal abuse and sexual harassment.
Clark County District Court Judge Elizabeth Gonzalez ruled that developer Steve Kennedy must stay 50 feet away from the Newton family and their home, effectively putting the brakes on construction to turn Newton's Casa de Shenandoah estate into a tourist attraction.
Kennedy, the manager of CSD LLC, filed a lawsuit two weeks ago claiming the Newton family was unwilling to move out of the house so it could be converted into a museum. The Newtons filed counterclaims alleging breach of contract and fraud.
The legal wrangling paints an uncertain future for Newton's 40-acre estate featuring South African penguins, Arabian horses, celebrity memorabilia and 17th-century antiques imported from European castles.
Newton told reporters after Thursday's hearing that he regretted entering into the deal with Kennedy.
"Totally," Newton said. "I don't like vultures."
Newton lives in the main house on the estate with his wife and their 10-year-old daughter. Kennedy purchased the property for $20 million in 2010 with the intent of building the Newtons a new $2 million home on the estate and converting the gold-trimmed main house into a public venue.
In his lawsuit, Kennedy alleged the Newtons unreasonably delayed the project by refusing to pick a location for their new home. The Newtons countered that Kennedy failed to obtain proper construction permits and did not act in good faith.
"They had no intentions whatsoever of creating a museum honoring Wayne Newton," said Newton's lawyer, J. Stephen Peek, during the hearing.
Newton attended the hearing with his wife, Kathleen McCrone Newton, and her sister, Tricia McCrone, who also acts as the family's publicist and lives in a guest house on the estate. During the hearing, Newton and his wife wore broad smiles, even as McCrone Newton shook her head repeatedly as the allegations that she and her husband had not been cooperative were presented.
Peek claimed Kennedy tried to punish the Newton family by ordering that they banish their prized collection of 55 Arabian horses. Kennedy allegedly removed rose bushes throughout the property that had been planted by Newton's deceased mother. Newton was also prevented from accessing his antique car collection featuring a 1978 Rolls Royce Corniche convertible built for actor Steve McQueen and a one-of-a-kind Bentley Sedanca Coupe, according to the court filings.
The Newtons also said that improper construction at the home caused several leaks, threatening their expensive art collection that includes paintings by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Salvador Dali and Vincent van Gogh. The family also claimed Kennedy filled up an artisan well that Newton previously used as his "meditation pond."
Kennedy's attorney Charles McCrea Jr. countered that the home had a faulty roof and that the well reeked of sewage, with the toxic fumes having killed three penguins that lived on the estate.
McCrea Jr. said the Newtons must vacate the property so construction can continue. He cited concerns about who would cover the expense of caring for the property's many horses, with costs reaching $40,000 each month. CSD wants to donate the horses to a ranch that has expressed interest in adopting them.
The lawsuit claimed Newton sexually harassed a young female employee hired to train the horses by repeatedly kissing her on the mouth. The worker quit and has threatened to sue Newton and CSD, according to the lawsuit.
Newton said Kennedy and the woman had a personal relationship and that the woman begged for her job back after she was dismissed last year.
Kennedy declined to discuss the case as he was leaving the courtroom.
Newton said he hoped the museum will eventually open under a different owner.
"Time will tell if it is built," Newton said. "It will not be built under the present circumstances of management."
Both sides are expected to return to court on July 30.
Construction plans for the museum called for a zoo, visitors' center, car exhibition and a theater where Newton could perform live nightly. It was initially scheduled to open late last year.
Clark County building records show CSD received a notice of violation for working on the museum without a permit in October. The company later obtained the necessary paperwork in December.
Newton has lived at Casa de Shenandoah since 1968.
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Public release date: 1-Jun-2012
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